Wet Fume Scrubber
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A wet fume scrubber, also known as a wet scrubber or wet scrubbing system, is a type of air pollution control device used to remove harmful gases, particulates, and other pollutants from industrial exhaust streams. It works by passing the contaminated gas through a liquid (usually water) in order to trap and neutralize the pollutants.
Wet fume scrubbers are commonly used in a wide range of industrial processes, including metal smelting, chemical manufacturing, power generation, and wastewater treatment. They are effective at removing a variety of pollutants and are often preferred for applications where high removal efficiencies and versatility are required.
Wet Fume Scrubber Functions
Here’s how a wet fume scrubber generally functions:
- Gas Entry: The contaminated gas enters the scrubber system through an inlet duct.
- Contact with Scrubbing Liquid: Inside the scrubber, the gas comes into contact with a liquid (often water) that is sprayed or cascaded over packing material. This liquid can also contain chemicals or additives to enhance pollutant removal.
- Scrubbing Process: As the gas moves through the liquid, pollutants such as acidic gases (e.g., sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride), particulates, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are absorbed or dissolved into the liquid phase. Chemical reactions may also occur between the pollutants and the scrubbing solution, neutralizing or converting them into less harmful compounds.
- Cleaning and Collection: The cleaned gas exits the scrubber through an outlet duct, while the liquid containing the captured pollutants is collected at the bottom of the scrubber vessel.
- Treatment of Captured Pollutants: The liquid containing the captured pollutants is typically treated further to remove or neutralize the pollutants before disposal or recycling. This may involve processes such as pH adjustment, chemical oxidation, or precipitation.
Wet Fume Scrubber Configurations
Wet fume scrubbers can be designed in various configurations, including:
- Packed Bed Scrubbers: These use a packed bed of material (such as plastic or metal) to increase the surface area available for contact between the gas and liquid phases.
- Venturi Scrubbers: These utilize a converging-diverging nozzle (Venturi tube) to create a high-velocity gas stream, which generates turbulence and enhances contact with the scrubbing liquid.
- Spray Tower Scrubbers: In these scrubbers, the contaminated gas is sprayed with liquid from above, allowing the droplets to capture pollutants as they fall through the gas stream.